中国石油企业面临的重大风险及其应对机制——以中国石油集团为例

Key risks faced by Chinese petroleum enterprises and developing a response mechanism

油气行业不仅面临国际监管环境发生较大变化、金融体系持续动荡、熟练员工严重短缺、市场竞争日益加剧、环保压力不断上升等系统性风险,而且还面临进入新业务领域作业、资源国财税和能源政策调整以及市场价格剧烈波动等特殊风险。中国石油集团连续四年组织开展了公司层面的风险评估,公司面临的重大风险依次为:健康安全环保(HSE)风险,油气和大宗商品以及原材料价格波动带来的风险,地缘政治、经济和安全风险,投资风险,以及竞争加剧带来的风险。为了更好地控制风险,中国石油集团成立了内控与风险管理专业委员会,全面完成集团公司、股份公司境内企事业单位内控体系建设,开展全面业务流程梳理规范,初步建立了较系统的风险管理政策和较完善的风险管理责任机制。近期的工作重点是:加强风险管理制度建设,建立风险管理报告机制,重点推进海外业务领域和金融业务领域的风险管理。

The petroleum and natural gas industries are confronted not only with significant systemic risk in the form of unexpected changes due to the international regulatory environment,continued instability in the financial system,a shortage of trained personnel,increasingly intense market competition,and increased pressure to protect the environment,but also with the challenges of entering new areas of operations,fiscal and taxation policy, of revised energy policy in countries with natural resources,of violent fluctuations in market prices, and of other specific risks.China National Petroleum Corporation has been organizing risk assessment at corporate level for four years.The key risks faced by the corporation in 2011 in order of importance are: health,safety and environmental(HSE)risk,supply risk in petroleum,natural gas,and bulk commodities and fluctuations in the prices of raw materials, geopolitical economic and damage risk;investment risk,and risk due to intensified competition.In order to manage and control risk more effectively,China National Petroleum Corporation has set up an Internal Control and Risk Management Committee,completedestablishment of an internal control system for both the group and operating units and extended it to the whole process of operations,and developed more systematic risk management policies and a better response mechanism for immediate risk management. The key aspects of risk management at the moment are:putting increased emphasis on construction of mechanisms for risk management;establishing a reporting mechanism for risk management;improving existing risk management policies;advancing the risk management of overseas’businesses;and achieving adequate risk management in the area of financial operations.