伊春地区森林火灾时空分布格局

Spatial and Temporal Distribution Patterns of Forest Fires in Yichun,Heilongjiang Province

根据黑龙江省伊春地区1970—2010年的森林火灾统计数据,利用地理信息系统、EXCEL、SPSS17.0等工具,对伊春地区森林火灾发生的时间和空间规律进行了研究。结果显示:伊春地区森林火灾的发生分为1970—1978年的高发期和1980—2010年平稳期两个阶段,总体呈减少的趋势,主要火灾类型为一般森林火灾和较大森林火灾。森林火灾轮回期在高发期过后延长,且火灾发生的初始概率下降。总森林火灾次数和人为火次数与面积正相关,相关系数分别为0.408和0.349。雷击火次数和面积不相关(相关系数为0.095);森林火灾主要发生在春季和秋季。通过分析得知,火场质心的位移并不明显;火灾的空间发生位置沿铁路线分布较为明显,而且相对集中,这是由于主要火源是生产用火引起的,同时生活用火也是该地区森林火灾的主要火源。

GIS, SPSS17.0 and Excel were used to study the temporal and spatial distribution patterns of forest fires in Yichun forest region, Heilongjiang Province using the forest fire data for 1970-2010 （except 1979, 1997 and 2000）. Results show that the 38 years of fire history can be divided into two stages： high fire occurrence stage from 1970 to 1978 and steady fire occurrence stage from 1980 to 2010, and the whole period shows a decreasing tendency. The main types of forest fires are general forest fire and bigger forest fire. The fire return interval is prolonged after a high fire occurrence stage, with a decreased initial probability of forest fire. The total number of yearly forest fires and the number of anthropogenic fires are positively correlated with fire area, and the correlation coegicients are 0. 408 and 0. 349 respectively, but the number of lightning strike fires has no correlation with burned area （0.095）. Forest fires happen mainly in spring and fall. The centroid displacement of fire scene is not obvious. The fires usually occur along the railway, and they are relatively concentrated as a result of forest fire sources by production. At the same time, fire used during the daily life is also the main forest fire source in this area.