开创新的生态文明——论加里·斯奈德的深层生态观

Initiating a New Ecological Civilization:On Gary Snyder’s Deep Ecology

当前学界对加里·斯奈德生态观的研究多集中于以人类为中心的浅层生态层面，认为其生态观有利于环境保护和生态平衡，目的是保证人类对自然的永续利用。然而，本文认为斯奈德不仅是美国环境保护和生态实践的先行者和精神领袖，而且也是美国20世纪深层生态学的桂冠诗人。其生态实践和生态智慧倡导一种深层生态的生活方式，其诗歌体现出完美的生态价值并被收入有关深层生态学的选集之中。他主张生物区域主义和生物中心主义平等，认同自然万物，最终实现生态自我。斯奈德的深层生态观不仅推动了深层生态学的发展，而且对当今的环境问题和生态危机进行深层追问，对传统文明形态特别是工业文明进行深刻反思。这对开创一种新的文明形态——生态文明——具有重要的意义。

The academic world mainly focuses on studying Gary Snyder＇s ecology in terms of anthropocentric shallow ecology, and believes that his ecology is conducive to environmental protection and ecological balance, whose purpose is to ensure human＇s perpetual utilization of Nature. However, this paper points out that Gary Snyder is the pioneer and spiritual leader of American environmental protection and ecological practice, and the poet laureate of deep ecology in the 20th-century America as well. Snyder＇s ecological practice and ecosophy propose a deep-ecological way of life, and his poems demonstrate the perfect ecological values and are anthologized in anthologies of deep ecology. He maintains biological regionalism and biocentric equality, identifies with human and non-human in Nature to finally realize ecological Self. Snyder＇s deep ecology not only promotes the development of deep ecology,but makes a deep inquiry into today＇s environmental problems and ecological crises, and profoundly reconsiders the traditional form of civilization, particularly the industrial civilization, which is of great significance to create a new form of civilization,that is,ecological civilization.