北京郊区化进程中的“超非均衡”空间结构

"SUPER NON-EQUILIBRIUM" SPATIAL STRUCTURE DURING BEIJING SUBURBANIZATION

采用反映空间密度特征的密度空间基尼系数和空间差异系数,对北京市总人口和就业人口分布的聚集(分散)程度,以及它们之间空间分布的空间差异性(不匹配程度)进行了分析。试图从要素构成上分析郊区化阶段城市空间结构的实质内容,并从要素之间的空间分异程度来理解城市内部要素的空间联系以及形成的"超非均衡"结构。结果表明,由于大规模的人口迁移主要表现在中心城市内部,中心城市有"超大核心"的发展趋势;尽管总人口的变动趋势表现为普遍分散化,产业的迁移趋势却明显在特定地区集中,从而导致职居失配加剧。郊区化导致城市"由非均衡走向超非均衡"的空间结构,而不是由非均质走向均质化的郊区化结果。

Suburbanization results into equilibrium of urban space. However, it is not true in Chinese cities. Beijing has been at suburbanization for twenty years but it is still mono-centric city. Index of spatial density Gini and coefficient of spatial differentiation have been adopted to analyze the degrees of agglomeration and mismatch of total population with employee number in Beijing during 1991-2009. Aim of this paper is to explore the equilibrium content of spatial structure, as well as the linkage between factors distribution which reinforce the equilibrium each other. The author of this paper conducted that migration moved among districts of central city other than toward to suburb areas which resulted mega core of the city; Though population distribution started to decentralize, industry concentrated at specific areas which have lead to mismatch stronger since 2005 than before. It is suburbanization that made urban spatial structure ＂from non-equilibrium to super non-equilibrium＂ instead of non-equilibrium to equilibrium. Poly-centric model should be encouraged to migration other than just population move outer periphery. Meanwhile, high-end industry should be encouraged to be invested at suburb areas instead of lower-end one.