大青沟自然保护区生态脆弱性系统诊断

THE SYSTEMATIC DIAGNOSES OF THE ECO-VULNERABILITY IN THE SYSTEMATIC DIAGNOSES OF THE ECO-VULNERABILITY

本文通过样地调查、问卷调查,利用系统诊断技术对内蒙古大青沟国家级自然保护区生态脆弱性进行了诊断分析,针对影响该保护区脆弱性的58个相互关联的问题组成的"问题堆",构建了问题间影响关系层次递阶结构图,使"问题堆"层次化、结构化和模块化,确诊了影响该保护区脆弱性的主要"病根"问题、基本问题、核心问题及问题间影响关系和解决途径。系统诊断查明,该保护区生态系统脆弱性程度高主要表现为抵抗灾害性能差、物种扩散能力弱、系统生产代谢能力低、系统可恢复性能差等四方面。系统诊断确诊该保护区的规划管理控制子系统中的问题是控制保护区脆弱性的根因子层问题,是解决控制对象过程子系统中各个问题的关键,其中,景区保育力度和游客生态教育是解决保护区生态脆弱问题的基本点。系统诊断表明,保护区植被的更新、演替和生长不良是该脆弱生态系统的中心问题,它影响系统脆弱性的物种扩散能力、系统生产代谢能力和系统可恢复性能等三方面,它是过程子系统和效果子系统的中心节点。该研究为大青沟保护区保育经营和旅游管理解决脆弱性问题提供决策参考依据。

The vulnerability of the eco-system in the National Daqinggou Natural Reserve have been analyzed and diagnosed by way of the investigation of the sample areas and the questionnaires.58 problems affecting the vulnerability of the reserve exist in piles,forming a structure of ladder of the problems influencing one another.The pile of the problems can be classified into different layers,structures and modules.The main factors causing the vulnerability have been traced together with other basic problems and core problems.The solutions to vulnerability have been suggested for the reference to the management and protection of tourism of the reserve.The capability against calamities,the spread of plants,metabolic rates of plants and the restoration of plants in the reserve are found to be so weak that they constitute the four causes of the vulnerability of the eco-system.The root layer of the problems found out by the systematic diagnoses,the key to solve the problem in the sub-system in the strategy of the protection of the eco-system,is to control the vulnerability of the eco-system in the reserve.The protection of the eco-system and the eco-education of the tourists are the keys to the vulnerability of the reserve.Renovation,development and evolution and the growth of the plants in the reserve have been determined as the central problems of the vulnerability by the systematic diagnoses for the reason that they work improperly and have negative influence on the spread,metabolic rates and the restoration of plants.They also exist as the node point in the sub-system of the process and the sub-system of effect.This study can serve as references for the protection,development and the tourism management in the reserve.