陈巴尔虎旗小麦保护性耕作试验研究

RESEARCH ON CONSERCATION TILLAGE TECHNOLOGY OF WHEAT IN THE CHENBAERHU BANNER

针对陈巴尔虎旗干旱、降雨量少、耕作粗放、水土流失、风蚀、黑土地退化、沙化较为严重,近年干旱、风沙、洪涝、霜冻等自然灾害频繁交替出现的特点,利用保护性耕作法与传统耕作法进行了小麦种植田间对比试验研究,着重探讨了免耕留茬覆盖法和深松留茬覆盖法作业后,对土壤容重、地温、土壤水分保持和作物长势、产量的影响。结果表明,实施保护性耕作,小麦根系发育较好,获取营养和水分的能力较强,单株生长旺盛,具有较好的自动调节能力,有利于产量的提高,深松覆盖、免耕覆盖与传统耕作方式小麦的产量相比分别增产了10.6%和7.1%。保护性耕作具有良好的经济、社会和生态效益。

The phenomenon of drought,low rainfall,extensive farming,soil erosion,wind erosion,black land degradation and desertification is more serious.And according to the characteristics which natural disasters such as drought,sandstorms,floods and frost and so on have occurred alternatively in recent years,the wheat comparative experiment research was made by the method of conventional tillage and traditional tillage.In this paper,under the method of no-tillage straw mulch and deep-loose straw mulch,some factors such as soil bulk density,soil temperature,soil water retention and crop condition and yield are focused.The results show that,compared with traditional tillage,the conservation tillage is benefit for soil water retention,can reduce soil bulk density,and increase the crop production slightly,and make good effects on the economy,society and ecology.