应对全球气候变化的昆虫学研究

Challenges facing entomologists in a changing global climate

大气二氧化碳浓度升高、温度上升、降雨分布不均、灾害性天气出现频次增加等全球气候变化,深刻改变着农林生态系统昆虫群落的组成结构、功能和演替,使昆虫分布区域扩大、发生世代增多、生态适应性变异,从而影响了原有的植物-害虫-天敌间内在联系和各营养层间的固有平衡格局,最终导致一些害虫暴发成灾,一些昆虫种群数量下降,甚至一些昆虫物种灭绝。本文在综述昆虫对温度升高、干旱、温室气体(CO2、O3)变化响应研究的基础上,提出我国未来应围绕害虫对全球气候变化的响应特征、适应机制及其控制新方法3个关键的科学问题,通过长期监测、控制试验和模型预测结合,重点开展4个领域的研究工作,以应对全球气候变化下昆虫发生、控制与保护的新挑战。

Global climate change,such as elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations,rising temperature and the uneven distribution of rainfall has a profound impact on insect community composition and the interaction between host plants,and pest insects and their natural enemies.Insect responses to global climate change are frequently ＂species-specific＂ and can be negative,positive or neutral.Global climate change has been associated with an increase in the number of pest insect outbreaks,a decline in some insect populations,and even the extinction of some insect species.This review examines the effects of climate change including those in temperature,rainfall and greenhouse gases（CO2,O3）,on insects.There are still many challenges facing entomologists in predicting and monitoring the impacts of climate change on insects.Future research needs to focus on the response characteristics and adaptive mechanisms of insects,and developing new control methods for insect pests through long-term monitoring,control experiments and predictive modeling.