太湖洞庭山十种茶果间作茶园节肢动物群落组成的异同性

Similarity and disparity of arthropod community compositions among ten tea-intercropping plantations with different species of fruits in the Dongtingshan Mountains,Taihu Lake

为揭示茶园间作果树对于节肢动物群落数量、空间格局的影响,2009年夏茶期间,于具有悠久茶-果间作历史、名茶洞庭碧螺春原产地的太湖东洞庭山选10种间作茶园,2010年春茶时节于西洞庭山选10种同类型间作茶园,调查果树的树丛之间、茶丛上层、茶丛中层、茶丛下层、地表和土壤层中各种节肢动物数量。发现:(1)两次调查结果具有较好的重现性;(2)每种供试茶园优势种害虫都是假眼小绿叶蝉Empoasca vitis Gthe和黑刺粉虱Aleurocanthus spiniferus(Quaintance)、其它主要害虫种类相同,东、西洞庭山优势种天敌相同;(3)10种茶园中茶丛上层、茶丛中层物种数多于其它层次;茶丛下层的个体数最大,主要是粉虱类和蚧类等小型同翅目昆虫;茶丛中层多样性指数稍高;(4)茶-桔、茶-板栗间作茶园物种较多;茶-腊梅间作茶园物种数、个体数较少。研究结果表明:茶园中合理地间作果树,可以增大生物多样性,即使在果树树丛之间、地表和土壤层中也拥有一定数量的节肢动物,间作明显地影响节肢动物群落的组成。

In order to understand the effect of tea-fruit intercropping on the population density and spatial distribution patterns of arthropod communities,ten types of tea-fruit intercropped plantations were investigated in the East Dongtingshan Mountains,Taihu Lake,during the summer（July） harvesting season of 2009.This mountain is the original production site of the famous tea,Dongtingbiluochun,and has a long history of tea and fruit intercropping.The same experimental design;sampling the same ten types of tea-fruit intercropped plantations,was also implemented in the West Dongtingshan Mountains,Taihu Lake,during the spring（April） harvesting season of 2010.Data on species composition and population densities of arthropods between the intercropped fruit trees at the upper,middle and lower layers of tea bushes,and on and below ground level,were obtained from each experimental plot for both locations and study periods.Our data indicates that：（1） Overall results from the two locations and sampling periods were virtually the same.（2） The tea green leafhopper,Empoasca vitis Gthe,and the citrus spiny whitefly,Aleurocanthus spiniferus（Quaintance） were the most dominant pest species regardless of intercropping types and location;there were no significant differences in the species composition of other major pests and dominant natural enemies.（3） Species richness in the upper and middle layers of tea bushes,abundance（total number of individuals;dominated by Homopteran insects） in the lower layer of tea bushes and the biodiversity index of the middle layer of tea bushes,were higher than in the other layers.（4） Among different types of tea-fruit intercropped plantations,tea-citrus and tea-chestnut plantations had a higher arthropod species richness,whereas both species richness and overall arthropod abundance were lower in tea-Japanese allspice plantations.This suggests that the rational intercropping of tea plants with fruit trees can increase general arthropod biodiversity,including that of species that exist between intercropped fruit trees or on or below the ground.Intercropping may significantly affect arthropod community composition.