故宫博物院早期权力制衡关系

On The Political System of Checks and Balances at The Inception of The Palace Museum

辛亥革命最终并非是以暴力革命,而是以妥协的方式完成的。"南北和议"的一项重大妥协结果就是清室"优待条件"。北京政变,冯玉祥驱逐溥仪出宫,为了避免由此引发社会骚乱,民国政府与逊清王室进行交涉,做出溥仪自愿出宫的假象,这些都是故宫博物院早期权力制衡关系的政治背景。以李石曾为委员长的"清室善后委员会"聘请社会知名人士和学者,另有清室代表参加。故宫博物院成立之初通过董事会的形式来取得社会上的支持,董事会治理方式及其制度原则的存在,从某种意义上可以说是"公司"组织概念的自我复制。北伐战争之后,随着集权政治的确立,理事会的管理形式最终体现了故宫博物院早期的一种权力制衡关系。

The 1911 Revolution(The Xinhai Revolution) ended not in violence but in compromise.Among the major results from the negotiation between the south and the north was the 'Conditions of Preferential Treatment of the Qing Royal Family'.In order to avoid turbulence over the society caused by Beijing coup leading Pu Yi to be expelled from the Forbidden City by Feng Yuxiang,the provisional government of the Republic of China negotiated with the abdicated Qing royal family for the agreement that Pu Yi would put on a look of being voluntary to be away from the imperial palace,which built up the background under which the political system of checks and balances was carried out at the very inception of The Palace Museum.The Committee to Deal with The Concerns of The Deposed Imperial Family(Qing Shi Shan Hou Wei Yuan Hui) that was led by Chairman Li Shizeng consisted of social personages and renowned scholars and the representatives of the deposed Qing royal family.The Palace Museum at that time got supports from the society through the board of directors whose administration and regulation were in some sense the self-reproduction of the organizational structure for any 'companies'.With the establishment of the centralized power after The Northern Expedition,the council administration of The Palace Museum finally resulted from the checks and balances in its embryonic stage.