儿童低颅压综合征的诊断与急救处理

Diagnosis and emergency treatment of intracranial hypotension syndrome in children

儿童低颅压综合征是容易被忽视的问题，但临床上确实时有发生，应该引起广大医务工作者的注意。原发性低颅压综合征多与自身脑血管功能障碍、感染有关；继发性低颅压综合征多与医源性、继发于其他疾病以及外伤有关。低颅压综合征的主要临床症状是体位相关性头痛，一般通过脑脊液测压即可诊断。多数患儿经过体位调整后临床症状消失，重者可通过饮水、静脉滴注低渗（0．5％）或生理盐水给予纠正。儿童低颅压综合征重在预防，预后良好。

Intracranial hypotension syndrome is easily underestimated by doctors and patients, but its occurrence is not infrequent. Primary intracranial hypotension is usually associated with cerebral blood vessel disturbance and infections. Secondary intracranial hypotension is usually secondary to iatrogenic and other diseases or trauma. The main manifestation of intracranial hypotension syndrome is postural headache which may be diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid pressure measurement during lumber puncture. The headache can disappear by posture adjustment in most children, or by water intake or intravenous administration of hypotonic （0. 5 % ） or saline in serious case. Prognosis is good and precaution is most important for all.