河南省项目地区农村育龄妇女孕前危险因素暴露情况调查

Survey on preconceptual exposure to risk factors among married women at reproductive age in rural Henan

目的:了解农村育龄人群暴露于妊娠危险因素的状况,为完善和建立简便、经济、可行、真实可靠的筛查-评估工具和流程提供科学依据。方法:采取多阶段随机抽样方法抽取河南省项目县农村已婚育龄妇女2011人,对其可能暴露的危险因素进行问卷调查,应用SPSS13.0统计学软件对资料进行分析。结果:调查妇女中,有家族遗传病史者占8.22%,存在一定数量的近亲结婚情况;育龄妇女患急/慢性疾病位居前5位的依次是生殖道感染、贫血、乙型肝炎、高血压和精神疾患等;乙型肝炎疫苗接种率为48.09%,风疹疫苗接种率为17.38%;有不良职业环境暴露的妇女占总人数的17.98%(361/2008),有不良生活环境暴露的妇女占52.94%(1063/2008);部分被调查妇女感到生活或工作中有压力;小部分妇女有吸烟或饮酒习惯;计划妊娠妇女中,过去一个月内服用叶酸者占36.38%,每周服用5天以上者占73.99%。结论:项目地区农村育龄妇女在遗传、环境、社会、心理、行为等方面均存在一定比例的危险因素暴露情况,应将暴露比例较高的因素纳入筛查-评估及计划生育问诊流程。

To investigate the preconceptual exposure to risk factors among married women at reproductive age in rural Henan, and provide a basis for improving a simple, economic, practical, real and reliable screening - assessment tool. Methods ： A total of 2011 married women at reproductive age were recurited with a multistage random sampling method. A questionnaire survey on the preconceptual exposure to risk factors were performed. Data were analysed with SPSS13.0 software. Rustles ： A total of 165 women had a genetic family history. There were a certain number of consanguineous marriages. The top 5 diseases suffered by these women were reproductive tract infections, anaemia, hepatitis B, hypertension and mental disorders. The coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccine and rubella vaccine were 48.09% and 17.38%, respectively. About 17. 98% of the women were working and 52.94% were living in a poor environment. Some women felt the pressure of work and life. A small number of women had habits of smoking or drinking. About 36.38% of women who planed a pregnancy took folic acid supplementation in the month prior to the survey, and 73.99% took it above 5 days per week. Conclusion： Women at reproductive age in rural Henan are exposed to risk factors, such as genetic, environmental, social, psychological and behaviour factors. The more common preconceptual exposure factors should be involved in screening- assessment tools.