公物利用之实现公共利益的域外考察

An international inspection of realization of public interests

公物的本质在于提供公众使用,公物利用的核心就是公共利益如何得以实现。但是由于公共利益概念过于抽象,难以对其界定却又不得不面对。纵观发达国家的理论和实践,法国经历了从公用到公共服务的演变,而美国通过学说和判例不断拓展公共利益的内涵。鉴于公物利用的本质在于最大限度地维护公共利益,因此,面对公物利用中诸多利益的冲突,在界定公共利益时应进行合理的利益衡量,以确保公共利益是最大限度的合理的利益。

Res public is bound to provide public access, the core of the use of res public is how to make the public interest realized. The concept of public interests is too abstract and it is difficult to define. Referencing the theories and practice of developed countries, we find that France has experienced a process from the public to the evolution of public services, while the United States the fact that continues to explore and expand the meaning of public interests by cases and jurisprudence. Due to res public can maximize the public interests, it is appropriate for us to balance interests in defining public interests.