长期不同施肥条件下黑土的有机质含量变化特征

Dynamic change of organic matter in the black soil under long-term fertilization

以吉林公主岭黑土有机肥化肥配施30年长期定位试验结果为材料,分析了长期不同施肥下黑土有机质的变化特征。结果表明,长期不施肥或单施化肥(M0区)土壤有机质含量呈下降趋势,30年下降幅度为2.1%～7.9%;施用常量有机肥(M2区)和高量有机肥(M4区)的土壤有机质含量呈增加趋势,30年M2区和M4区有机质累积增加幅度分别为42.2%～50.0%和81.5%～94.7%。M2区和M4区有机质增加幅度因施用有机肥中有机质含量的变化可分为两个阶段,1980～1992年增加幅度分别平均为2.4%和9.3%,12年后随着有机肥中有机质含量增加,后18年M2区和M4区有机质累积增加幅度分别平均为41.4%和71.5%。施用相同化肥条件下配施不同水平有机肥,各处理间土壤有机质含量差异达到显著水平;而在施用相同有机肥条件下配施不同化肥时,各处理间有机质含量差异不显著。由此可以得出,有机肥的数量和有机质含量是影响土壤有机质含量变化的主要因素,因此,选择合适的有机肥数量和有机质含量是提升土壤有机质的主要措施,在东北黑土上施用优质高量有机肥可迅速提高土壤有机质含量。

The effect of long-term fertilization on organic matter in the black soil was studied under a 30-year long-term combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer in Gongzhuling,Jilin province.The results indicated that the soil organic matter（SOM） was decreased with 30-year long-term chemical fertilization alone or no fertilization（M0 plot）,the decline rate ranged from 2.1% to 7.9%.The SOM was increased with moderate（M2 plot） and high rate manure（M4 plot） fertilization,the rate of increase ranged from 42.2% to 50.0% and from 81.5% to 94.7%.The SOM increased slowly from 1980 to 1992,with the lower increase magnitude of 2.4% and 9.3% in the M2 and M4 plots,respectively.While after 12 years fertilization the SOM contents in the M2 and M4 plots have higher magnitude of 41.4% and 71.5% respectively in the year of 2010 due to the increase of organic matter in the manure.The SOM contents were significantly different among the treatments with different rate of manure but the same rate of chemical fertilizer.Whereas the SOM contents were not different among the treatments with different rate of chemical fertilizer but the same rate of manure.The results implicated that the SOM content in the black soil could be increased through long-term application of manure.The selected rate and quality of manure was the main measure to improve the SOM in the black soil.The high rate and quality of manure could rapidly increase the SOM content in the black soil.