美国全球城市形成初探

An Analysis of the Formation of American Global Cities

全球城市是在全球化背景下以金融、保险和房地产等生产者服务业为导向的后工业化场所。经济全球化是全球城市产生的一个主要原因,全球化虽然导致了生产分散化,却使得一些影响着全球经济发展的机构不断地集中在全球城市之中,例如跨国公司总部、大型跨国银行、证券交易所和保险公司等。产业分离是全球城市产生的另一个主要原因,由于产业分离和专业细化,致使生产者服务业从工业中分离出来,通过区位选择集聚在全球城市之中,服务于工业生产。美国全球城市的产生由多种因素促成,而全球化和产业分离始终是两条最重要的因素。然而,全球化和产业分离也改变了全球城市中的社会结构,致使城市中的就业和消费趋向两极化。这种现象在美国全球城市中表现得非常明显。

Under the circumstances of globalization, global cities are postindustrial places that are guided by producer services, for example, FIRE. Globalization is an important factor for the formation of global cities. Although globalization have caused production decentralization, it has also led to the concentration of some organizations that influence world economy in the global cities, such as multinational headquarters, foreign banks, stock exchange and insurance companies, etc. Industrial separation is another important factor for the formation of global cities. Because of industrial separation and specialization, producer services, which have been separated from manufacture companies, provide service for manufacture production, and gather in global cities through location choice. Many factors are responsible for the formation of American global cities, but the process of globalization and industrial separation are among the most important factors. The formation of American global cities has changed the so- cial structure of global cities and caused polarization for employment and consumption. This phenomenon is very obvious in the American global cities.