日语自他动词论

The Analysis of Transitive Verbs and Intransitive Verbs in Japanese

日语中的自他动词可从不同角度对同一事件加以表述,这是语言中一种非常独特的现象。自他动词常常成对出现,性质稳定,但某些动词,本身兼有自他两种属性,也有些动词自他属性不稳定,使用情况较为复杂。自他动词的用法能够反映出「話し手」关注的焦点或注意力所在——"焦点论;"能够体现日本人在日常的现实生活中,注重或体谅对方的心理状态——"交际论;"还涉及到语法学及语义学,能够体现保持语言整体的"平衡性"的作用——"平衡论"。另外,日语自动词在很多情形下本身就包含着可能与被动的意义,笔者称之为"自动词的可能论与被动论"。

The fact that the transitive verbs and intransitive verbs in Japanese can describe events from different perspectives is a very unique phenomenon in terms of languages.The transitive verbs and intransitive verbs frequently appear in pair and are quite stable.But some verbs perse have both the transitive and intransitive characteristics,and some verbs are not stable in the transitive and intransitive characteristics,so the conditions for using them are quite complicated.The transitive verbs and intransitive verbs have close relationship with voices.There are many different perspectives to look at transitive verbs and intransitive verbs.In nature,they reflect the focus of concern from people who are talking,or in other words,the problem of where to put the attention,so it＇s called by writer＂focus angle＂.And they excellently embody that Japanese are very careful about the psychological conditions of the two sides of the communication in ordinary real life,so it＇s called ＂communication angel＂.Besides,the usage of transitive verbs and intransitive verbs relate to grammatical studies and semantics,so it completely exhibits how to maintain the overall equilibrium of language,thus it＇s called ＂equilibrium angel＂.In addition,the intransitive verbs of Japanese comprise the meaning of ＂possible＂and＂passive＂under many circumstances,so it＇s called by the writer ＂the possible and passive angel of intransitive verbs＂.