论仲裁裁决的国籍——兼论中国司法实践中的“双重标准”

On the Nationality of Arbitration Awards: The "Dual Standard" in Chinese Law

仲裁裁决的国籍标志着其法律效力的来源。无论传统仲裁法理论还是现代国际商事仲裁的实践,都将仲裁地作为判断裁决国籍的主要标准。中国法律对仲裁裁决国籍问题未作明确规定。通过对中国法院的撤销权及承认与执行外国仲裁裁决规定的分析,认为中国目前实采"仲裁机构标准",同时,中国又是《纽约公约》的缔约国,负有适用公约"地域标准"的义务。"双重标准"的存在在中国仲裁司法实践中引发了一些难以克服的冲突,亟待新的立法予以改革。

The nationality of arbitration awards indicates the origin of its legal effect.Both traditional arbitration theory and the modern legal practice of international arbitration characterise the nationality of arbitral awards on the basis of the country where the place of arbitration is situated.Chinese law contains no clear stipulations on determining the nationality of arbitration awards.The study of the provisions relating to competence of Chinese courts to set aside of domestic arbitral awards and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards infers that at present the place of arbitration institution plays a significant role.Meanwhile,China is the contracting state of the New York Convention and has to apply the criteria of the convention which is in essence territorial.The above ＂Dual Standard＂ in the current laws of China has given rise to diverging judicial interpretations and dilemma in the practice.