工程的伦理本质解读

Interpretation of the ethical essence of engineering

工程与伦理是相互联系、相互依存的统一体。就工程而言,其中蕴涵了十分丰富的伦理内涵:首先,工程中蕴涵了多元伦理关系,包括工程与自然、社会、人的伦理关系以及工程与经济、政治、文化、国防的伦理关系等;其次,工程运作是一个系统工程,蕴涵了多重伦理机制,既有宏观的、中观的,又有微观的,既有观念维度的引领,又有实践维度的协调;再次,工程及其运作会产生多维伦理效应,包括在一定时空维度产生的对于自然—社会—人的伦理效应,也包括对于一定社会的政治、经济、文化的伦理效应等,因此,工程伦理的核心问题之一便是工程活动主体的伦理责任。在当代,工程活动主体的伦理责任又具有多重性,其一是由于工程活动的复杂性、综合性和多样性;其二是由于在工程活动中,工程活动主体所遇到的伦理风险千差万别,其道德选择也具有多样性;其三是工程活动主体的伦理责任不仅指工程活动的个体,更是指作为工程活动主体的共同体。为此,必须十分注重对工程活动主体进行工程伦理教育,并转化为工程活动主体内心的道德信念和工程伦理精神。

Engineering cannot be separated from ethics,and they are in fact interrelated and interdependent.Engineering contains rich ethical connotations: firstly,multiple relations are included in engineering,such as the ones between engineering and nature,society,mankind,economy,politics,culture,defense;secondly,engineering operation is a system engineering in which there are multiple ethical mechanisms such as macro,meson,and micro ones,conceptual guidance,coordination in practice;thirdly,engineering and its operation will produce multiple ethical effects,such as the one on nature-society-mankind in a certain spatial and temporal dimension and the one on politics-economy-culture in a certain society.And therefore,the core issue of engineering ethics is the ethical responsibility of the subject of engineering activities.In this society,the subject of engineering activities have multiple ethical responsibilities,firstly because of the complexity,comprehensibility and diversity of engineering activities,secondly due to the multiple ethical risks and moral choices the subject faces,and thirdly on account of the fact that the responsibility subject falls into individual and community aspects.Therefore,special attention must be paid to teaching the subject engineering ethics and internalizing their moral beliefs and engineering ethical spirit.