关于生态学马克思主义“异化消费论”的哲学考量

Examination of "alienated consumption" from the perspective of ecological Marxism

生态学马克思主义异化消费观认为,异化消费是与真实需要、使用价值相背离的消费。异化消费在迷失人的主体性和满足资本主义社会政治需要的同时,又是造成西方社会生态危机的根源。生态学马克思主义者不仅强调培养生态理性,而且主张通过生产和社会变革来解决异化消费问题。与法兰克福学派不同,生态学马克思主义者并没有局限于技术批判,而是将生态批判和技术批判、制度批判联系起来,这是可取的。但是它用生态危机取代经济危机却是根本错误的,而且其提出的克服异化消费的策略也是缺乏现实性的。

Ecological Marxism suggests that alienated consumption departs from the real need and the use value.Having lost human subjectivity and satisfied the political need of capitalist society,alienated consumption is the source of ecological crisis in the western society.Ecological Marxism emphasizes the cultivation of ecological rationality and proposes to solve the problem of alienated consumption by production and social changes.Different from the Frankfurt School,ecological Marxists do not confine themselves to technical criticism,but combine ecological criticism with technical and systemic criticisms,which is desirable.Yet,to replace economic crisis with ecological crisis is basically wrong,and the strategy of overcoming alienated consumption proposed by ecological Marxists is not practical.