前科学时代自然观模式的演变及其认知机制

Evolution of the views about nature in the prescience age and its cognitive mechanism

认知的透视性使得自然的绝对客观论被抛弃,随后出现的"精致表征"理论较好地解释了自然观演变的内在机制。随着次级工具的出现和社会文化的发展,自然观依次出现了图腾模型、生机论和机械式生机论。当人类对知识的理性检验能力增强后,"神创说"的表征空间最终让位于机械论。自然从认识的背景凸显为认识的对象是自然观模型演变的主要认知机制,但转变却让自然失去了应有的生机和整体的完整。

Absolute objectivism is abandoned with the appearance of cognitive perspectivism.Sophisticated representationism is considered to be a good theory to explain the evolution of the views of nature.With the emergence of secondary tools and development of society and culture,there appear three patterns of the views about nature,which are totem model,the vitalism theory and the mechanical vitalism theory.When the representational space departs from the theory of Genesis,there comes the age of mechanical theory.In this cognitive transformation,nature is not understood as the background but as the subject of cognition.Paradoxically,the change in cognition causes the nature to lose its vitality and overall integrity.