水利水电工程对鱼类的影响及保护措施

Influence of water conservancy and hydropower engineering on fish and protection measures

主要介绍水利水电工程建设对鱼类产卵、鱼类栖息地、鱼类洄游、鱼类区系等的影响,及水利水电工程导致的下泄水温、气体过饱和对鱼类的影响,同时介绍过鱼设施、人工增殖放流等保护措施;阐述水电工程对鱼类产卵的影响,提出根据不同鱼类的洄游时间、产卵和孵化条件要求,因时因地选取不同的引水方式组合,如底层取水、表层取水、中下层组合取水、中层取水等,以控制或改善泄水水温,减轻下泄水温对鱼类的影响。

The influences of water conservancy and hydropower engineering construction and the water temperature of discharge flow and dissolved gas supersaturation resulting from the water conservancy and hydropower engineering on fish spawning,fish habitat,fish migration,and fish fauna were introduced.Protection measures,including fish passage facilities and manual multiplication and release,were also introduced.In order to raise the water temperature of discharge flow,and to reduce its influence on fish,different combinations of water diversion modes suited to local situations according to migratory time,spawning and hatching conditions of different fishes,can be selected,including bottom water intake,surface water intake,middle and lower layer water intake, and middle layer water intake.