黄河下游防洪工程建设对湿地自然保护区的影响及减缓措施探讨

Discussion on influences of flood control project on wetland nature reserves of lower Yellow River and mitigation measures

介绍黄河中下游沿线分布的5个湿地自然保护区的性质、保护对象及生境类型,针对防洪工程建设的特点,分析工程建设对自然保护区湿地生境、植物资源及鸟类的影响。结果表明:补水工程的影响可以恢复,对湿地生境的影响可以补偿,工程占地对植物多样性基本没有影响,对保护植物野大豆的影响不大。采取生态恢复与补偿措施后,防洪工程的建设不会影响保护区湿地水源的补给关系,不会影响保护区的生态完整性。村庄外迁可以增加保护区鸟类栖息环境,减少人类活动对鸟类的干扰,同时工程所植草、树将为保护区鸟类提供新的栖息场所,有利于鸟类生存和繁衍。工程建设对保护区的主要不利影响为施工期施工活动、取土场占地、施工噪声、生活区夜间灯光等,采取减缓措施后,工程实施对保护区的影响是可以接受的,不存在制约工程实施的环境因素。

The characteristics,protected objects,and habitat types of five wetland natural reserves along the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River were introduced.The influence of the flood control project construction on the wetland habitat,plant resources,and birds was analyzed.The results show that the influence of the water supplement project can be prevented,the influence of the project on the wetland habitat can be compensated for,and the project covers have little influence on plant diversity and wild soybean.Due to its ecological restoration and compensation measures,the flood control project construction will not affect the supply relationships of wetland water sources and the ecological integrity of the protected areas.The bird habitat in the protected areas increases with village relocation,and the impacts of human activities on birds are reduced.Meanwhile,grass and trees that are planted during the project construction can provide new habitat for birds in the protected areas,which aids bird survival and reproduction.The adverse influences of the project construction on the nature reserves include construction activities,land occupation,construction noise,and night light in the residential areas.With some mitigation measures,the adverse influences can be accepted,and there are no environmental factors hindering the project construction.