论社会法视域下义务教育的国家义务性

Study on National Obligatory Commitments in Compulsory Education from Perspective of Social Law

义务教育的法定义务主体是国家。将义务教育定性为国家义务,其价值在于促进教育公平。我国现阶段义务教育的国家义务性有所缺失,既有城乡二元结构中阶层固化、政府再分配职能不到位等法律以外原因,也有国家义务落实缺少法律保障的原因。为强化和实现义务教育的国家义务性,应当通过完善《义务教育法》、制定《教育经费法》、完善法律救济途径等,给落实义务教育的国家义务提供法律保障;通过改革户籍制度、完善社会收入再分配制度等,给落实义务教育的国家义务创造社会条件。

Since the legal obligatory subject of compulsory education is nation, it is of great important in promoting education equity to define compulsory education as national obligatory commitments. There are deficiencies in fulfilling Chinese national obligatory commitments in the current compulsory education. The reasons fall into both law unrelated issues （including great differences between citizens and rural residents in the dual structure defining city and rural area, and incomplete fulfillment of governments＇ duties in process of redistributing） and facts of lacking of legal protection in implementing national obligation. To strengthen and realize national obligatory commitments in compulsory education, legal safeguard of national obligation in implementing compulsory education should be provided by improving Compulsory Education Law, formulating law to manage educational funds, and perfecting laws and other relief approaches. Meanwhile social conditions of implementing national obligation in compulsory education should be formed by reforming household registration system and perfecting redistribution system of income in China