建国后至2008年中国生态足迹的动态测度与分析

Dynamic Calculation and Analysis of the Ecological Footprint in China between 1949 and 2008

运用生态足迹法对建国后至2008年中国的生态足迹进行了测度。结果表明:建国后至20世纪70年代末,中国的生态足迹小于生态承载力,生态账户表现为盈余;20世纪80年代至2008年,生态足迹迅速扩大,超越了生态承载力,生态账户表现为赤字。比较近年来中国人均生态足迹、人均生态承载力与全球生态足迹标杆的数据可知:自1962年至20世纪70年代末,中国尚属于地方—全球可持续性的国家,1980年后中国成为地方非可持续性—全球可持续性的国家。

This research calculates the ecological footprints in China between 1949 and 2008 by means of the ecological footprint method.The results show that China＇s ecological footprint was smaller than its ecological carrying capacity since the founding of the People＇s Republic to the late 1970s,and there was a surplus in the ecological account.From 1980s to 2008,the ecological footprint expanded rapidly and exceeded its ecological carrying capacity,and there was a deficit in the ecological account.Comparing the average ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity per capita in China with the global ecological footprint,we can see that China was still a country with both local and global sustainability from 1962 to the late 1970s but after 1980,China became a country that was locally unsustainable,but globally sustainable.