优秀女子铅球运动员滑步阶段下肢技术的运动学分析

Kinematical analysis of the lower limb moving techniques of excellent female short putters at the gliding stage

以我国优秀女子铅球运动员李梅菊、李玲、刘向荣和巩立娇为研究对象,运用文献资料、三维摄像和录像解析等,结合运动技术诊断原理从运动学角度对其滑步阶段左侧和右侧下肢技术特征、左右下肢配合状况及动量传递特征进行分析。结果发现:(1)右离时,李梅菊和刘向荣的蹬摆配合时机不理想,臀部后移幅度不够;(2)这4名队员在右离时左腿间动作链不同程度遭到破坏,不符合人体运动链的原理;(3)除李梅菊之外的其他运动员,右离时右腿间的动量传递效果较好,符合人体运动链的原理;(4)巩立娇右着时右髋速度明显偏小;(5)在滑步阶段结束时4名运动员的重心过高,尤其是李玲。

By basing their study subjects on excellent Chinese female shot putters LI Mei-ju, LI Ling, LIU Xiang-rong and GONG Li-jiao, by means of literature data, 3D photography and video analysis, coupled with the principle of technical diagnosis of sport, the author performed a comprehensive analysis on the technical characteristics, mutual assistance conditions and momentum transfer characteristics of their left and right lower limb movement from the perspective of kinematics. Main conclusions： 1） when the right leg lifted off, the timing for kicking and swinging by LI Mei-ju and LIU Xiang-rong was not ideal, and the amplitude of their buttock moving backward was insufficient; 2） when the right leg lifted off, the left leg movement chain of these four players was damaged to different extents, not in conformity with the principle of the human movement chain; 3） when the right leg lifted off, the effect of right leg momentum transfer of other players except LI Mei-ju was good, in conformity with the principle of the human movement chain; 4） when the right leg stood, the right hip speed of GONG Li-jiao was significantly on the low side; 5） at the end of the gliding stage, these four players, especially LI Ling, had a too high center of gravity.