略论抽象、概括和归纳及其关系

On the Meaning and Relationship of Abstraction,Generalization and Induction

抽象、概括和归纳是认识事物本质和规律,形成科学知识的三种重要的思维工具。三者在思维过程中交互融合,密不可分,也容易界定不严,相互混用。抽象、概括和归纳的含义与作用各不相同。抽象是抽取事物或现象的本质属性形成概念;概括是对概念的操作与运用;归纳是对命题的推理。抽象还是概括和归纳二者的基础。

Abstraction,generalization and induction are three important tools to understand essences and laws of matters and to evolve scientific knowledge.Since there is not a clear line of demarcation among these tools,they often closely merge into one another in application.This paper distinguishes abstraction,generalization and induction in meanings and functions,which indicates that abstraction draws the essence of matters and/or experiences to form a conception,generalization is the application of conceptions,and induction is an inference of proposition.In addition,abstraction is a basis of generalization and induction.