贸易与环境质量:基于面板数据的分析

Trade and Environmental Quality: An Analysis Based on Panel Data

贸易与环境问题一直是学术界广泛研究和争论的热点问题,目前国内现有相关文献多是将贸易的环境效应进行分析,测算我国部分经济要素对环境质量的影响,缺乏对主要经济要素的环境效应的系统分析。根据我国1990-2009年间(除西藏以外29个省及直辖市)的面板数据进行回归分析,试图揭示开放经济条件下我国主要经济要素与环境污染的关系。结果表明:对外贸易对不同污染物排放的影响效应不同;对外贸易对环境质量影响的规模-技术效应和结构效应均为正;由对外贸易而引致的经济结构有双重环境效应,即污染天堂动因的积极环境影响和要素禀赋动因的消极环境影响;技术进步和经济结构优化升级有利于我国环境质量的改善。

Trade and environment issue has been a hot issue.Currently,most existing literature analyzed the environmental effects of trade,and measured some of China′s economic factors′ impact on environmental quality,but lack of system analysis of environment effects of major economic factors.The paper applies 29 provinces′（except Tibet） panel data to carry out regression analysis in China from 1990 to 2009 to try to disclose the relationship between the main economic factors and the environment pollution in open economy.The results show that,whether or not trade openness has a beneficial effect on the environment varies depends on the pollutant;the scale-technique effect and composition effect of trade are positive;the trade-induced economic composition changes have double environmental effects——positive effect of Pollution Haven Motive and negative effect of Factor Abundance Motive;improving the technology and upgrading of economic structure is good for improving the environmental quality.