一级一类幼儿园学龄前儿童营养健康状况调查

Investigation into Nutrition and Health Status of Preschool Children in the First-level Kindergartens

目的:调查北京市海淀区一级一类幼儿园学龄前儿童营养健康状况,分析存在问题并提出改善建议。方法:随机抽取北京市海淀区5家一级一类幼儿园,收集2007—2009年儿童体检资料,按年龄、年度分别进行统计分析,结合现场调查和专题访谈分析评价。结果:营养不良和肥胖平均患病率分别为0.4%和4.8%;贫血平均患病率为0.5%;视力低常平均患病率为4.5%;龋患率、新龋率、龋均值分别为54.5%、25.9%和2.9。结论:海淀区一级一类幼儿园学龄前儿童营养健康状况基本良好,肥胖、视力低常和龋齿是主要问题。定期开展营养监测并及时干预,家园互动,开展营养健康教育,加强幼儿园营养保障,是改善幼儿园儿童营养健康状况的重要措施。

【Objective】 To investigate the nutrition and health status of 3 to 7 years＇ old children in first-level nursery school in Beijing Haidian district,analyze existing problems and raise improvement suggestion.【Method】 5 first-level kindergartens in Beijing Haidian district were randomly sampled in a field survey of preschool children health status in 3-year period from 2007 to 2009.Health-check data was statistically processed by SPSS 16.0 software,and the statistical results were further evaluated professionally combined with the field survey and thematic interview.【Result】Deficient malnutrition and obesity incidence in kindergarten children was 0.4% and 4.8% respectively.Average anemia prevalence was 0.5% and subnormal visual acuity rate was 4.5%.Average dental caries rate,new caries rate,average caries number were 54.5%,25.9% and 2.9 respectively.【Conclusion】 The current nutrition status of preschool children was basically in good condition,and the main problems reflected in obesity,subnormal visual acuity and dental caries in first-level nursery schools of Beijing Haidian district.These problems should be closely related with nursery diet supply,nutrition education and health management.Regular nutritional monitoring and timely intervention,health education via family-nursery interaction and the establishment of scientific and standardized nutritional catering system were all efficient and important measures in the nutrition and health improvement of kindergarten children.