公报案例对下级法院同类案件判决的客观影响——以规划行政许可侵犯相邻权争议案件为考察对象

Objective Influence of the Public Report Case on Inferior Court's Judgment on Similar Cases

指导性案例的效力问题是我国案例指导制度的核心和难题。本文选取一则公报案例,试图在其与下级法院同类案件判决的关系中认识其效力。在规划行政许可侵犯相邻权争议案件审理中,公报案例采用"行政义务遵守"的审查标准,形成了"合法即不侵权"的论证思路。经过对一组同类案件判决在法规范解释、采用的审查标准和论证思路等方面的分析和比较,可以发现公报案例对于《城市规划法》第32条的适用和解释发生根本转向,并在其后下级法院同类案件判决中被沿用和简化。由此,可以初步推断公报案例所产生的客观影响。它主要表现为判决思路的内容说服力和权威判决的形式说服力。无论指导性案例的效力是否以及如何被规定,这种事实上的影响是客观存在的。这种客观影响的揭示应当通过运用法解释学提取先例性规范并归纳其发展来呈现。判例的研究和竞争将促进法律适用和解释的稳定性和开放性,形式正义和实质正义则可能得以统合实现。

Legal effect issue for the guiding cases is a core and difficult problem in case guiding system in China.This article chooses a public report case and endeavors to analyze its legal effect in the relationship with the inferior court＇s judgment on similar cases.In trial of the case concerning the dispute about administrative permit design violating neighboring right,the public report case adopts the investigation standard of ＂administrative obligation compliance＂,forming the argument thought of ＂legitimacy equals to no tort＂.Through analyzing and comparing interpretation of laws and regulations,investigation standard adopted,argument thought and many other aspects of the judgment on a group of similar cases,it can be found that the public report case has fundamental changes with regard to the application and interpretation of Article 32 of Urban Plan Law and that it would be continued to use and streamlined in the inferior court＇s judgment on similar cases.Therefore,the objective influence of public report cases can be basically deduced.It is mainly consisted of the content persuasion of judgment thought and the form persuasion of authoritative judgment.The factual influence exists objectively whether or how the legal effect of the guiding case is stipulated.Disclosure of the objective influence should be demonstrated through applying the legal interpretation study to select the precedent regulations and to conclude their development.The research and competition on precedent will promote the stability and openness of legal application and interpretation,thus making formal justice and substantive justice jointly realized.