从巴黎歌剧院到中华戏曲音乐院——例说现代戏剧的国家想象

From Paris Opera to the Academy of Chinese Opera and Music:A Case of National Imagination in Modern Theatre

本文主题是讨论国人最初对巴黎歌剧院的接受,以及在后者的示范作用下如何形成国家剧院的理念并付诸实践的。论文分两部分展开,第一部分集中整理晚清国人旅欧笔记,在详实的史料基础上,阐发巴黎歌剧院所负载的国家意象是如何在中国发生影响的。第二部分的论述重心是1930年成立的中华戏曲音乐院,蒋介石初步实现全国统一是这一国家文化建设得以落实的历史契机;而通过李石曾、程砚秋等人的戏剧活动,我们在中华戏曲音乐院的成立背后,仍会清晰看到巴黎歌剧院的巨大身影。综合两部分的讨论,本文试图突显的是现代戏剧发生过程中的国家想象问题。

This paper is intended to discuss the encounterance of Paris Opéra as a symbol of French nationality by Chinese envoys,intellectuals and businessmen in the late Qing Dynasty by tracing their rich records in their traveling journals.The new idea of nationality and national cultural symbol had such far-reaching impacts in China that several generations of Chinese intellectuals have made efforts to build up a national theater as a cultural symbol of the Chinese nation,which led to the establishment of the Academy of Chinese Opera and Music in the 1930s,and the final accomplishment of the National Center for Performing Arts in the new century.