人类学的文学转向——民族志书写的另一种思考

The Literary Turn of Anthropology——Another Way of Thinking of Ethnographic Writing

就人类学研究程序而言,人类学的文学转向属于民族志写作实践范畴。自人类学诞生的那一刻开始,民族志就是一种文学式的叙述,而不是科学的书写。不论是英美人类学还是法国人类学,几乎所有的人类学写作都是一种建构他者文化与自我文化的双重行为,因此民族志书写在本质上是文学的而不是科学的。文学转向本质上是对书写权威的质疑,但这并不意味着否定田野考察,也绝非提倡一种权威的叙述范式,而是强调人类学书写模式的多样性。

The literary turn of anthropology falls into the category of ethnographic writing in terms of the sequence of anthropological research. Ever since the birth of anthropology, ethnography has been a literary narrative rather than a scientific writing. Nearly all anthropological writings, whether by British or American anthropologists or by French anthropologists, is a dual behavior of constructing ＂ other＇s culture＂ and ＂ self - culture＂. Therefore, ethnographic writing is in nature literary, not scientific. Although the literary turn questions the authority of writing, it doesn＇t deny the fieldwork. What it promotes is the diversity of anthropological writings rather than an authoritative narrative paradigm.