马尔科姆·爱克斯与“黑人力量”

Malcom X and his "Black Power" Thoughts

发生于20世纪50、60年代的美国黑人民权运动可分成两个阶段,第一阶段以马丁.路德.金的非暴力斗争为特点,旨在废除南方各州的种族隔离法、争取黑人的政治选举权;第二阶段以马尔科姆.爱克斯及卡密科尔等人为代表的"以暴抗暴"强硬立场为特点,旨在解决城市黑人失业、贫困、失学、住房和犯罪等问题。如果说第一阶段的斗争主要通过非暴力抗议的形式来开展的话,第二阶段的斗争则主要通过"黑人力量"的方式来进行。本文以马尔科姆.爱克斯为例,考察和探讨其主张的"黑人力量"的渊源及思想内容,指出"黑人力量"之本质乃在于增强黑人的自信心,提高黑人的自豪感,弘扬黑人的民族主义精神。

Civil Rights Movement of the mid -20^th century can be divided into two stages. Stage one is characterized by Martin Luther King＇s nonviolent tactics, aimed to abolish segregation laws in southern states and win the voting right for Blacks. Stage two is characterized by Malcom X and Stokely Carmiehael＇s ＂violence against violence＂ hard - line positions, aimed to deal with the problems Blacks faced in the city, such as unemployment, poverty, dropout, housing, crime, etc. The former was mainly carried out through non - violent demonstrations while the latter through ＂Black Power＂ thoughts. Focusing on Malcom X, this paper examines the origin and content of his ＂Black Power＂ thoughts, and conbludes that the nature of his thoughts lies in the strengthening of Black confidence and pride, and spread of Black nationalism.