达拉特旗井灌条件下农田水利用及地下水动态分析研究

An Analysis of Agricultural Water Utilization and Groundwater Variation,Underground Irrigation in Dalate Banner

以达拉特旗壕庆河流域为研究对象,通过对该区地下水位和水质的监测及农田水利用状况的调查,摸清地下水的年动态变化规律及水质分布,初步估算该研究区农田灌溉地下水年开采量,从而为本流域的地下水资源评价及合理开发,高效利用提供一定的依据。根据数据分析结果,地下水是从西南流向东北方向,补给黄河南岸引黄灌区。观测期间地下水位年际变化受降雨的影响较大,总体呈上升趋势,变化幅度为0.5～1.5m。pH值超过8.5,呈碱性水,部分区域地下水矿化度为0.5～0.9g/L,可用于农业灌溉,随着地下水流动的方向,水质逐渐变差,下游的盐分浓度最大到2.6g/L,需要合理进行灌溉防止土壤盐碱化。通过遥感图片识别分析计算出该区农田面积为1 398hm2,农业灌溉年开采地下水量为516万m3。

In this paper,annual dynamic change of groundwater,water quality distribution and groundwater exploitation for irrigation are studied for Haoqing Rriver basin in Dalate Banner by monitoring the level,quality of ground water and surveying agricultural water use.And the research results provide a rational development plan and an efficient use of groundwater resources.The results show that the groundwater flows from the northeast to the southwest and recharges to the irrigation area on the south bank of the Yellow River;the groundwater table is rising with annual variation of 0.5~1.5 m during the observation period;the water is alkaline with pH value more than 8.5.The mineralization of groundwater in most areas is 0.5~0.9 g/L,which can be used for irrigation.The quality of groundwater gradually deteriorates following the flow direction,EC of the water in downstream irrigation is achieved to（2.6） g/L as maximum.It is necessary to consider rational irrigation can prevent soil alkalization.The farmland area here is 1 398 hm2 and exploitation capacity of groundwater for irrigation is 5.16 million m3 based on the calculation and analysis of the remote sensing pictures.