三级医院医务人员锐器伤调查与分析

Sharp instrument injuries among medical personnel in tertiary hospitals:investigation and analysis

目的了解医务人员锐器伤的发生情况,为制定预防措施提供依据。方法采用问卷调查方法,对2011年5月医务人员的锐器伤发生情况进行横断面调查。结果 1424名调查对象中9.06%在调查月内有过锐器伤经历,平均发生密度为0.12次/(人.月);锐器伤发生较多的地点为普通病房及手术室,发生率分别为40.46%、39.88%;一次性注射器、手术缝针及静脉输液头皮针是造成医务人员锐器伤的主要医疗器具,分别占35.84%、20.81%及16.76%;手术过程中、回套针帽时、整理手术器械、将针头放入锐器盒等操作是造成医务人员锐器伤的主要环节,分别占20.81%、19.66%、9.83%、9.83%;由于工作内容的不同,不同类别医务人员锐器伤的发生地点、操作种类及涉及器具有所不同,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在已知暴露源的情况下,血源性疾病暴露率为18.06%,锐器伤后上报率仅为5.20%。结论锐器伤是医疗卫生机构中常见的职业伤害,应通过减少不必要的医疗操作、推行使用安全器械、改变错误的习惯行为、实施标准的安全防护等措施来切实降低锐器伤的发生率。

OBJECTIVE To comprehend the factors related to sharp injuries（SI）among healthcare workers（HCWs）,so as to provide basis for preventive measures.METHODS The questionnaire was used to investigate the incidence of SI among HCWs in May 2011.RESULTS 1424 HCWs were investigated,of which 9.06% had experienced SI in the survey month.The frequency of the injuries was 0.12 per person month;SI occurred more frequently in the general wards（40.46%） and operating room（39.88%）;disposable syringes（35.84%）,surgical needle（20.81%） and intravenous infusion needle（16.76%） was the main edge tool caused for SI;surgical procedures（20.81%）,back when the needle cap（19.66%）,finishing surgical instruments（9.83%）,the needle into the sharps box（9.83%） was the key operating caused for SI;as a result of the different work content,the occurred place,operating and edge tool of SI was significantly different among doctors,nurses,medical technicians and workers.In the case of the known sources of exposure,the exposure to blood-borne diseases was 18.06%,the report rate was 5.20% after SI.CONCLUSION SI is the common professional hazards in medical institutions,the medical personnel should raise their safety consciousness,practise the standard operation,increase necessary equipment and reduce the incidence of sharp instrument injuries.