从拯救现象到人的解放——论辩证法在历史唯物主义形成过程中的地位和作用

From Phenomenon Salvation to Man's Liberation——On the Status and Role of Dialectics in the Formation of Historical Materialism

从辩证法的最初形态谈起,简要地回顾了观念论辩证法在哲学史发展阶段中的几种重要样式,以及在黑格尔哲学中的最终完成形态。上述回溯为马克思所发动的辩证法革命提供了发生学背景,由此我们更能清晰地看到,究竟从何种意义上讲,历史唯物主义是对观念论辩证法的倒转,从而彰显出这场哲学革命的深刻意义。简要地梳理了早期马克思哲学文本中的辩证法表述方式,主要论及《黑格尔法哲学批判》和《1844年经济学—哲学手稿》,最终以《德意志意识形态》中物质生产辩证法为最后议题,并就此展开讨论,提出我们对马克思主义辩证法发展道路的理解方式。

This study gives a general review of the fundamental mode of dialectics in the philosophy of ancient Greece,and the several important patterns of Idealistic Dialectics in the development of western philosophy as well as its ultimate definition in Hegelism.This is to reconstruct the background of the genesis of Materialistic Dialectics of the young Marx,so as to reveal clearly in which sense Materialistic Dialectics is the reversion of Idealistic Dialectics,which underlines the profound meaning of Marx＇s philosophical revolution.This paper traces different demonstrations of dialectics in Marx＇s early philosophical writings,including Critique of Hegel＇s Philosophy of Right,Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844.The conclusion part focuses on the dialectics of material production in German Ideology,providing our understanding of the development of dialectics in Marxism.