地理数据共享效应的评价方法与应用

A Method and Application of Assessing the Effort of Geographic Data Sharing

地理数据的信息共享具有重要性、基础性与公益性等特征。本文针对现有地理数据共享效应的评价研究较为薄弱的现状,提出一种面向用户的地理数据共享评价策略。该方法设计了影响共享评价的指标因子,以共享范围、共享质量、社会效益、经济效益、数据安全性,以及共享服务作为一级因子,并在一级因子下建立二级因子。鉴此,分别采用层次分析法、专家咨询法构造判别矩阵,计算因子权重,利用缺陷扣分法与指标得分标准化的方法计算因子得分,同时采用加权求和法计算单用户共享评价得分,并综合各用户的评价得分获得该共享评价结果。本文以政务版电子地图数据为例,运用本方法进行数据共享评价,并编程实现了该功能。本方法有助于提高数据共享质量,促进数据共享。

With the high costs of geographic data and its conversion the data transfer barrier becomes a major obstacle in reusing geographic data for geographical information systems（GIS）.Data sharing is one of the most effective methods on breaking this barrier which can promote developing and reusing geographical data.It has broken the monopoly of information resources and reduced the ＂digital divide＂.So it has great significance in promoting social and economic development.For the lack of researches in data sharing assessment,we proposed a user-oriented method of assessing the data sharing.For the same sharing data,the results of data sharing assessment may be different with different users.So when assessing a sharing data,each user should evaluate firstly and then all results should be considered in the final evaluation result.We firstly design the assessing factors which affect data sharing.In this paper,we make range of sharing,quality of sharing,social benefit,economic benefit,data security and services of sharing as first-grade factors,and on the basis of each first-grade factors,we design corresponding second-grade factors.Secondly,we construct judgment matrixes and calculate weighs of factors by AHP（Analytic Hierarchy Process） and Expert Consultation Method.Thirdly,according to different factors,we use defection subtraction method or method of score standardization in calculating scores of factors.Fourthly,we use the method of weighted sum to calculate the result of data sharing assessment of each user.After getting the results of all users,the average value is calculated as the final score of the data sharing assessment.In this paper,we use the method proposed to assess the data sharing of the government digital map as an example and the functions are implemented by coding.The method realizes the assessment of data sharing,which is benefit in improving the quality of data sharing.It can promote the performance of data sharing and reduce the wasting of resources in data sharing.