北京城市居民通勤时间变化及影响因素

Commuting Time Change and its Influencing Factors in Beijing

以2005年和2010年两次问卷调查数据为基础,采用统计分析和地理信息系统技术对北京市区居民通勤时间变化进行了细致分析。研究结果显示,北京市区居民的通勤时间从2005年38分钟增加到2010年的43.6分钟,通勤时间增长显著。通过比较城八区居民的平均通勤时间,发现内城居民的通勤状况有所改善,而城近郊区居民通勤状况则不乐观,通勤时间的变化存在明显的空间差异;而将社会经济属性不同的人群的通勤时间进行比较,也发现通勤时间变化和年龄、学历等因素关系更为密切。对通勤时间变化的影响因素研究表明,地铁建设等交通发展因素以及居民通勤方式的变化对居民通勤时间大幅增加影响显著,同时通过对典型就业集中区域和居住功能为主区域进行比较,发现城市规划中对不同区域功能定位也对居民的通勤时间变化产生显著影响。

This study was conducted based on the data from two questionnaire investigations done in 2005 and 2010. Geographic Information System （GIS） and spatial analysis were used to analyze the commuting time change. The results showed that the commuting time in Beijing increased significantly, from 38 minutes in 2005 to 43 minutes in 2010. In comparison of several typical regions it can be found that there is a significant spatial difference in the change of commuting time in Beijing. The study of the factors influencing commuting time shows that Beijing＇s transportation development and the change of residents commuting ways exert great influence on the commuting time, and that the urban planning for the zones with different functions also has significant influence on the commuting time.