中国城镇化与环境污染排放:基于投入产出的分析

The Pollution Emission and Urbanization in China:Based on Input-output Analysis

文章在阐释城镇化对污染排放影响内涵的基础上,基于投入产出分析方法,构建城乡居民人均消费完全排污系数以分析城镇化对污染排放的影响,并对中国1997～2007年数据进行了分析。研究表明,城镇居民人均消费完全排污系数远大于农村居民,二者均随时间呈现不断下降的趋势,但农村居民下降幅度更大。城乡居民人均消费规模差异是其化学需氧量、二氧化硫完全排放系数差异的主要原因,2007年其贡献率分别达到94.07%、90.16%。城镇化效应对1997～2007年中国消费引致化学需氧量、二氧化硫排放呈现持续的增效应。最后,基于2007年数据对城镇化的污染排放影响的测算表明,城镇化率每增加1个百分点,工业化学需氧量、工业二氧化硫排放分别增长0.48%、0.44%,"十二五"期间的城镇化进程将给减排目标的完成增加较大的工作难度。

Firstly,the content of pollution emission impact of urbanization was interpreted.Then,based on input-output analysis,total emission coefficients of consumption per capita for urban and rural residents were established to analyze the impact.A case study of the period 1997-2007 in China indicates that total emission coefficients of consumption per capita for urban residents were larger than those for rural residents,and both of them declined,while the rural declined more heavily.The difference in consumption expenditure between urban and rural residents was the main reason of the difference in total emission coefficients of consumption,contributing 94.07% and 90.16% for COD and SO2 respectively.The consumption led by urbanization between 1997 and 2007 had kept the COD and SO2 emission increasing.Based on 2007 data,if the urbanization rate increases by 1 percent point,the industrial COD and SO2 emission will increase 48% and 44%.This would be difficult to achieve the emission-reducing goal in Twelfth-Five Period. Discrimination Against Rural Migrating Labors in Dual Labor Market of Urban ChinaZhang Yuan Gao Han ·67·Through employing a sample test form Shanghai 2005 Mini Population Survey,this paper measures the discrimination against rural migrating labors in dual labor market of urban Shanghai.To avoid the endogenous problem,instrument variables and switching models are employed during the test.The empirical evidence clearly suggests that discrimination against rural migrating labors in the primary market is more pervasive than that in the secondary market.This conclusion sheds light on the discrimination against rural migrating labors in dual labor market of urban China.