基于低影响开发(LID)的可持续城市雨水系统

Sustainable Urban Rainwater System Based on Low Impact Development

城市内涝多发、水环境污染和雨水资源大量流失等已成为制约城市可持续发展的关键问题。低影响开发(Low Impact Development,LID)是美国提出的一种雨水管理体系,其核心理念是通过源头控制维持城市水文循环。基于LID理念,构建将雨水源头控制措施、雨水排除管网和雨水集中处理设施统一结合的可持续城市雨水系统,既可控制降雨径流引起的负面影响,又可有效利用雨水资源,从整体上提高城市排水安全,减轻下游防洪压力,控制城市非点源污染,更好地体现了我国的雨水管理要求。针对可持续城市雨水系统,建立科学的动态评估方法,并开发界面友好、行之有效的评估工具,是其在工程应用中的核心问题。

Urban waterlogging, water environment pollution, and rainwater resource loss have been recognized as key problems restricting sustainable development of cities. Low impact development （LID）, with a core conception of maintaining urban hydrological recycle through source control, is a rainwater management strategy developed in the USA. Based on the conception of LID, a sustainable urban rainwater system was constructed by combining source control techniques, pipe networks and centralized treatment facilities of rainwater. This system can efficiently control the negative impacts caused by rainfall runoff and utilize the rainwater resource. As a result, the security of urban drainage can be enhanced, the pressure of downstream flood control can be alleviated, and the urban non-point pollution can be controlled, which are in accordance with the demand of rainwater management in China. Aiming at the sustainable urban rainwater system, scientific dynamic assessment methods and effective evaluation tools with friendly interfaces are key issues in its practical application.