江西大鄣山夏季鸟类群落多样性研究

DIVERSITY OF AVIAN COMMUNITY OF DAZHANGSHAN MOUNTAIN IN JIANGXI IN SUMMER

2009年6月至2010年8月采用样线法对江西大鄣山夏季鸟类资源及其生境分布状况进行调查,并计算其物种多样性、均匀性、优势度及不同生境群落间的相似性。共记录江西大鄣山夏季鸟类13目31科78种,其中留鸟45种,夏候鸟21种,冬候鸟7种,旅鸟5种;其中国家二级保护鸟类6种,省级保护鸟类22种;结果表明:东洋种鸟类占有明显优势(50.0%),古北种次之(28.2%),广布种占21.8%。白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)和白腰文鸟(Lonchu-ra striata)为当季优势种。6种群落类型中,Shannon-Weiner指数与Simpson指数排序均为:阔叶林>农田居民区>针阔混交林>溪流水域>灌木草丛>针叶林。Pielou指数排序为:针阔混交林>溪流水域>阔叶林>农田居民区>灌木草丛>针叶林。Sorenson指数中阔叶林-针阔混交林(S=0.48)为最高。研究结果可为当地森林管理和鸟类保护提供依据。

Field survey on bird community was conducted by line transect method in Dazhangshan Mountain,Jiangxi Province from June, 2009 to August, 2010. Species diversity, evenness, dominance and the comparability index between different habitat communities were analyzed. Birds of 87 species were recorded in the zone,which belong to 13 orders,31 families. Among them 45 species are residents including 21 species of summer migrants, 7 species of winter migrants and 5 species of migrant birds. Among them, 6 species are listed as Rank lI species of the National protected species,22 species are listed as protected animals at provincial level. Of the total species,half of species distribute in the Oriental realm,28.2% occur species in the Palaearitic realm and 21.8% species in both. Pycnonotus sinensis and Lonchura striata were dominant speices in summer. In six typical communities, both Shannon-Weiner index and Simpson index were ranked by broad-leaved forest〉farmland and village〉coniferous-broad leaved mixted forest〉ghyll-valley〉shrub- grassland〉coniferous forest of bamboo grove. Pielou index was ranked by coniferous-broad mixted leaved forest〉 ghyll-valley〉 broad-leaved forest 〉 farmland and village〉 shrub-grassland 〉 coniferous forest of bamboo grove. Sorenson index between broad-leaved forests-coniferous-broad mixted forest leaved （S = 0.48） was highest. Results indicated a new concern in local forest managements and bird conservation.