半夏乙醇提取物体外抑菌实验的初步研究

Preliminary Studies on the in vitro Antibacterial Activities of Pinellia ternata Extract by Ethanol

探讨半夏乙醇提取物对常见微生物(细菌、酵母菌、霉菌)的抑菌效果,以得出抑菌谱。分别用75%、95%乙醇对生半夏进行回流提取并用琼脂扩散法和液体混合法测定了半夏提取液对一系列供试细菌和真菌的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)。75%乙醇提取半夏的提取率为5.24%,而95%乙醇提取半夏的提取率为2.73%;75%乙醇半夏提取液对供试细菌和真菌存在一定的抑制作用,对各种菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为:大肠杆菌25mg/mL,恶臭假单胞菌12.5mg/mL,藤黄微球菌12.5mg/mL,金黄色葡萄球菌12.5mg/mL,枯草芽孢杆菌10mg/mL,酿酒酵母10mg/mL,裂殖酵母20mg/mL,黑曲霉菌12.5mg/mL,甜瓜枯萎霉菌25mg/mL。半夏醇提液具有广谱的抗菌活性,可以有效的抑制革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性菌,对真菌的抑菌作用也有一定的效果。

The aim was to study the bacteriostatic action and influencing factors of extract made from Pinellia ternate,to get its antimicrobial spectrum.The reflux extraction method was used to extract the active material in Pinellia ternata by using 95% ethanol,and agar diffusion method and liquid mixed culture method were used to test the MIC（minimal inhibitory concentration） of Pinellia ternata against the bacterium.The rate of Pinellia ternata extract was 5.24% with 75% ethanol while which was 2.73% with 95% ethanol.Minimal inhibition concentrations（MIC） against several microorganisms including bacterium and fungi were analyzed.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of tested strains were as follows：which of E.coli was 25 mg/mL,of Pseudomonas putida 12.5 mg/mL,of Staphylococcus aureus was 12.5 mg/mL,of Micrococcus luteus was 12.5 mg/mL,of Bacillus subtilis was 10 mg/mL,of Saccharomyces pombe was 20 mg/mL,of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 10 mg/mL,of Aspergillus niger was 12.5mg/mL,of Melon fusarium wilt was 25 mg/mL.The results showed that the juice of Pinellia ternata exerted different effect on a series of bacterium and fungi.The juice of Pinellia ternate extracted by alcohol could effectively inhibit the growth of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterium,but the bacteriostatic action of Pinellia ternata against fungi were not clear enough.It could conclude that the bacteriostatic effect of Pinellia ternate juice was enhanced with the increase of extract concentration.