水蒸汽蒸馏法提取湿地松松针中挥发油和莽草酸的研究

Study on Extraction of the Volatile Oil and Shikimic Acid from Pinus Elliottii Engelm Needles by Steam Distillation

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了湿地松松针中挥发油和莽草酸,用高效液相色谱仪测定提取物中莽草酸的含量。通过单因素实验和正交试验,确定水蒸汽蒸馏法提取莽草酸的最佳工艺条件是:松针粒度为40目、料液比(W/V)为1:12、浸泡时间为6 h、提取时间为4 h,莽草酸的得率为1.32%。利用气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用技术对松针挥发油的化学成分进行分析,从湿地松松针挥发油中分离出133种化学成分,鉴定了其中的37种成分,占挥发油总离子流的88.33%。挥发油的主要成分有β-蒎烯(15.08%)、大根香叶烯(14.31%)、α-蒎烯(8.67%)、β-石竹烯(9.82%)、3-蒈烯(5.49%)、τ-依兰油醇(5.33%)、杜松烯(4.98%)、α-杜松醇(3.77%)、γ-榄香烯(3.47%)、α-石竹烯(2.13%),湿地松松针水蒸汽蒸馏挥发油总得率为0.315%。该研究为深度开发松针药用资源提供了依据。

The volatile oil and shikimic acid can be extracted from pinus elliottii engelm needles by means of steam distillation, and the content of shikimic acid can be determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. By the single-factor experiments and orthogonal test, the optimum extraction conditions were confirmed as follows： the granularity of pinus elliottii engelm is 40 mesh, solid-liquid ratio （W/F） is 1 ： 12, the soaking time is 6 h and the extracting time is 4 h; under above extracting conditions, the extraction ratio of the shikimic acid is 1.32%. 133 chemical components were identified from the volatile oil extracted from the pinus elliottii engelm needles when it was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC_MS）; of which 37 elements covering 88.33% of the total volatile oil ion current were identified. The principle components of the volatile oil are as follows： β-Pinene （15.08%）, Germacrene （14.31%）,α-Pinene （8.67%）,β-Caryophyllene （9.82%）, 3-Carene （5.49%）, r-Muurolene （5.33%）, Cadinene （4.98%）, α-cadinol （3.77%）, β-Elemene （3.47%） and α-Caryophyllene （2.13%）. The total oil productivity of the volatile oil of pinus elliottii engelm needles is 0.315%. This study could provide the base for deeper development of the pine needle medicinal resources.