明清时期文人小说家“发愤著书”纵观

Writing to vent:on the writers in the Ming and Qing dynasties

发愤著书,是明清时期文人创作小说的主要动因之一。文人发愤著书,大致经历了一个由"夺他人之酒杯,浇自己之块垒"到"借乌有先生,发泄黄粱事业",再到"写自家见闻亲历,抒穷愁不平之志"的演进过程。这是小说家由远距离寄托到近距离观照的过程,同时也是通俗小说由改编走向独创的过程。在这样的演进过程中,小说家的主体意识与创造性皆日趋增强,而小说反映社会、抒情言志的艺术功能也越来越强,并由此产生了一大批艺术水平高超的传世之作。

Writing to vent was one of the main motivations among the writers of the Ming and Qing dynasties. Generally speaking, they first introduced some characters in their writings through whom to vent their own bitterness, then created characters to express their lofty aspirations, and finally wrote what they had seen and heard to complain about the society. This is the process for the novelists to convey their wishes in the distant future and then observe the society close at hand. In the above evolution, their subjectivity and creativeness keep growing, and the novel＇ s artistic function of reflecting the society and expressing emotions also increases. So, an abundance of superartistic, enduring works result.