美国反家庭暴力立法的三波浪潮及其可能走向

Three Waves of American Domestic Violence Law Reform and Its Trend

女权主义理论在美国的反家庭暴力立法过程中一直发挥着推波助澜的作用。第一次女权主义运动揭露了妇女保护的不足,第二次女权主义运动后,美国通过消除立法歧视,加强公权力干预和民事权利救济,以及拓展社会服务,建立起一套相对成熟的防治家庭暴力的理论和制度。但随着立法的发展以及后现代女权主义对现有制度的质疑,反家庭暴力立法存在的问题也渐渐凸显。只有坚持反家庭暴力的国际人权标准,消除性别歧视以达致社会性别结构的平等,才能拔除家庭暴力的根源。

Feminism theories have played a significant role in the process of American domestic violence legislation.In the first-wave movement feminists exposed the domestic violence problem to the public for the first time.The second-wave feminism movement has established a framework of preventing domestic violence by eliminating formal inequality,enhancing criminal penalties and civil remedies and expanding social services.Despite great achievements,however,the law reform has been increasingly criticized by contemporary feminists and being challenging some important contradictions and conflicts.This article emphasizes that domestic violence could only be eradicated by insisting on domestic violence human rights standard,which aims to eliminate sex discrimination and equalize gender structure.