我国大气颗粒物来源及特征分析

Study on Characterization and Source Apportionment of Atmospheric Particulate Matter in China

我国大气颗粒物来源复杂,呈现大气复合型污染特征,对主要污染源进行识别和定量,是制定城市空气质量改善措施的基础。本研究总结了2000年以来我国近30个城市大气可吸入颗粒物PM10源解析研究,结果表明我国大气颗粒物PM10主要来自六类源:扬尘(土壤尘、道路尘、建筑尘);燃煤;工业排放;机动车排放;生物质燃烧;SO2、NOx、VOCs氧化产生的二次颗粒物。研究还表明,不同地区不同季节大气颗粒物主要来源和相对贡献存在差异。近年来随着大气颗粒物控制措施的实施,城市PM10污染状况已明显改善,大气细颗粒物PM2.5越来越受关注,在制定空气质量达标方案时,各类燃烧源和二次颗粒物的重要性将进一步上升。

There are complex sources of atmospheric particulate matter （PM） in China, including not only the traditional primary sources but also secondary particulate matter converted from gaseous precursors. Therefore, in order to improve the air quality, it is necessary to identify the major sources, quantify their contribution, and develop targeted control policy and measures. This study makes an integrated analysis of the existing studies on source apportionment of atmospheric particulate matter in about thirty cit- ies in China since 2000. The main sources can be summarized as follows： suspended dust; coal combustion; industrial dust; vehicle emission; biomass burning; secondary particulate matters. Great seasonal and spatial variations in the contributions of each source are found in China. With the implementation of the current atmospheric PM control measures in China, PM10 pollution in urban air is eased. At the same time, PM25 has been catching more attentions. The importance of combustion sources and secondary formation will increase, and we should concern more about the atmospheric oxidation index （such as ozone） and emission of gaseous precursors.