关于煤粉工业锅炉的技术分析与政策思考

Technical Analysis and Policy Implications of Industrial Pulverized Coal Boilers

在技术进步和政策的推动下,煤粉工业锅炉的应用正在形成高潮,但存在技术上的不实宣传和推广政策偏向问题。为使该技术能健康和可持续地发展,本文针对该锅炉的效率、污染物排放、制粉配送、风险和经济效益以及推广政策等方面,做了较深入的研究。研究认为该锅炉有高效节煤、SO2和NOx排放总量下降、集中配送煤粉和锅炉房干净等优点,值得推广;但因粉尘排放总量和浓度上升,综合环保效果处于劣势,同时存在电耗较大、煤源要求苛刻、煤粉储运和使用有风险,及经济效益不确定等问题,因此必须根据全面的技术、环境和经济评价,因地制宜地推广。建议政府采取具体措施,如资助布局优质煤粉供应点,以节能减排实效为资助的依据,鼓励专业锅炉制造厂参与研发和竞争,制定地方和国家有关煤粉工业锅炉的制造、用煤和污染物排放等标准,使该技术不断完善,可持续地发展。

Due to technical progresses and governmental promotion, the number of new industrial pulverized coal PC boilers is now going up rapidly. However, it might be too exaggerated about this technology and there exists policy bias during dissemination process. In order to make this technology into a sustainable developmental way, a study is carried out in this paper on efficiency, pollution, economy and policy. Conclusions of this study are as follows. The industrial PC boiler has the following advantages, such as higher efficiency, more reduction in the total emissions of SO2 and NOx, cleaner boiler house, effective distribution of PC to boilers from a coal mill and so on. Therefore, the PC boiler is worth to be promoted in market. However, the promotion must be based on the detailed evaluation on technology, environment and economy, because the general environmental performance of the PC boiler is negative, and at the same time, there exist other problems, such as higher power consumption, use of highest quality coal, risks of transportation, storage and use, benefit uncertainty, etc. Upon the advertisement data, Shanxi Government issues an intensive policy of dissemination, such as monopolizing only one provider of the PC boilers, providing huge subsidy and enforcing such ＂One Size Fits All＂ implementation policy to all users. Thus the goal of energy and emission reduction would not be reached as anticipated. Suggestions for improving this technology dissemination are proposed to the Government as below： establishment of several PC mills convenient to the PC boiler users, allocating subsidy only according to the real reduction of energy and emission, inspiring spe- cialized boiler manufacturers to involve R＆D and market competition, enacting local and state standards of manufacture, coal qual- ity and emission for the PC boiler, etc.