厌氧消化系统微生物菌群的研究进展

Advances in the microbial flora of anaerobic digestive systems

各种污水或污物厌氧消化反应器中分布着大量的微生物,它们在厌氧条件下相互协作将复杂的有机物分解为二氧化碳和甲烷,成为废弃物厌氧处理的功能基础。不依赖于培养的分子生物学技术,使大量的细菌和古菌类群在此生态系统中得以发现,但它们大多数仍未被成功培养,其生态功能也未得到阐明。总结了基质种类、有机负荷、pH、温度等各种厌氧消化反应器运行条件下,微生物群落结构的特点和演化规律,以及未培养微生物的原位功能研究技术的进展,展望了稳定性同位素标记、宏基因组学、蛋白质组学和代谢物组学等新技术在未培养微生物功能研究中的潜力。

A large number of microbes are distributed in various kinds of anaerobic digestive reactors for treating wastewater and wastes. Under anaerobic conditions,they interact and decompose the complicated organisms into carbon dioxide and methane, which are the functional basis of the anaerobic treatment of wastes. The molecular biological technology, which does not depend on cultivation, leads to the discovery of a great number of bacteria and archaea in eco-systems,but most of them have not been cultured successfully,yet,and their ecological functions have not been expounded either. Now, under the operation conditions, such as substrate species, organic loads, pH, temperature,etc, of various anaerobic digestive reactors,the structural characteristics and evolution rules of microbial flora, as well as the progress in the research on the technologies related to in situ functions of un-cultured microbes, are summarized. Furthermore, the potentials of some new technologies, such as stable isotope labeling, metagenomics, proteomics and metabolomics in the research on un-cuhured micro-organism functions are predicted.