限制性价格管制、经济福利和基本药物制度的帕累托改进

Ceiling Price,Economic Welfare and Pareto Improvement of Essential Drug System

新一轮医药卫生体制改革对基本药物实施限制性价格管制措施。在完全竞争市场条件下政府对基本药物的限制性价格管制,把部分生产者剩余,转化为消费者剩余,导致了经济福利的净损失。现实世界中对基本药物实施限制性价格管制,是为了应对一定程度的基本药物市场失灵和政府对基本药物消费者剩余的评价高于对生产者剩余的评价。限制性价格管制对降低基本药物价格和增加其有效需求起到了积极作用,同时也凸显出基本药物供给短缺压力和加强公共财政责任的必要性。在实施限制性价格管制的前提下,基本药物制度应该在不断总结试点经验的基础上实施帕累托改进。

Ceiling price regulating measure to essential drugs has been implemented in the new round health system reform.Under the perfect competition market,the ceiling price of government regulating measure to essential drugs will transfer the part producer surplus to consumer surplus,leading to the net loss of economic welfare.The reasons that implementing the ceiling price to essential drugs in the real world are on the one side to response the market failure of essential drugs caused by some market monopoly,informa-tion asymmetry and positive externality,and on the other side to give consumer surplus of essential drugs the higher evaluation than to give producer surplus of essential drugs.Ceiling price played the positive role to decrease the price of essential drugs and to increase the effective demand,and to stand out the shortage pressure of essential drugs supply and the necessity to strengthen the public financial responsibility.Under the condition of ceiling price,essential drug system should implement the Pareto improvement based on summing up the pilot experience.