气候友好型技术转让国际法的冲突与协调

The Conflicts and Coordination in Transfer Rules for Climate-friendly Technology

气候友好型技术的转让和传播已成为《联合国气候变化框架公约》体系规则中的关键内容。然而,《公约》体系确立的积极规则与现行世贸组织《TRIPS协定》对知识产权的过度保护产生了冲突。这一现象主要因为《公约》规则的公权保护意旨与TRIPS私权至上宗旨的根源性矛盾。参照《多哈宣言》承认应对气候变化的公共利益目标以加强TRIPS灵活性、借鉴《蒙特利尔议定书》建立独立运作的CFTs技术转让机制、全面促进公共资金对CFTs转让的支持、在《公约》框架下建立专门"技术机制"、推动建立世贸组织框架下的"CFTs贸易协议"将有步骤地成为协调气候与贸易国际法进程的重要途径。

The transfer rules for climate-friendly technology are the key elements to settle down disputes between developed countries and most developing countries.Current international law on intellectual property has severely hindered the transfers and dissemination of climate-friendly technologies.This problem is not only due to the over-rigid principles and rules of UNFCCC and TRIPS,but also the deep-rooted conflicts between UNFCCC,which highly values public rights and the TRIPS rules that serve the protection of private rights as the supreme purpose.The future development of the UNFCCC has to seek a breakthrough over capital and technology,which needs great importance attached to coordinate between these two systems.The Doha Declaration has set an example to recognize the public interest to deal with climate change and the Montreal Protocol also has established a case of independent financial support and technology transfer mechanism.