玄学与科学之“殊途”与“同归”——以中日建筑民俗的比较研究为视点

On the "Different Roads" and "Same Destination" of Metaphysics and Science——A Comparative Study of the Folk Cultures of Chinese and Japanese Architecture

从中日建筑民俗的变迁中,体味两种文化背景所铸造的民俗特征及所构建的文化空间,有助于了解一个民族的文化精神。从"龙"、"气"等风水理念之差别入手,对中日建筑民俗之间的差异进行分析,展示出我国两大风水流派"形势宗"与"理气宗"的吉凶观念;对照证实主义的科学方法和自然生态景观理论,剖析两国建筑民俗变迁、发展的要义及其与现代社会发展的关系。"风水"在中日建筑文化中都有着长久的传承,应该给"风水"一个生存的空间,留待进一步研究和感悟。民俗中的"玄学"部分,其中有些神秘文化现象虽至今仍未能以现代科学加以解释,但其与"科学"并非一定存在矛盾,只是目前还没有找到两者的切合点,在当今多元化的社会中,不妨令其共存。

It＇s a good way to know about the cultural spirit of China and Japan through appreciating the folk character and folk space embodied in the development of the two countries＇ folk architecture.In the paper,the difference between the two countries＇ folk architecture are analyzed from the ＂dragon＂,＂qi＂ and other fengshui philosophy,demonstrating the notions about good and ill luck of China＇s two major schools of fengshui（geomantic omen）,＂situation sect＂ and ＂qi sect＂.Besides,from the perspectives of scientific verificationism and natural landscape theory,the essential meanings of the changes and development of the two countries＇ architecture folk culture and their relationship with modern social development are expounded.Fengshui has been a common everlasting tradition in both China and Japan＇s architecture culture;therefore we need to allow it more space for further study and appreciation.Though some of the mysterious elements with the metaphysical part of folk culture remain unexplained by science,it might be that the relevance of science and metaphysics hasn＇t been found rather than that they go against each other.In a pluralistic society,it might not be bad to let them co-exist.