中国各省份农业效率和全要素生产率增长——基于SBM方向性距离函数的实证分析

Agricultural Efficiency and Total Factor Productivity Growth in China's Provincial Economies——An Empirical Analysis Based on SBM Directional Distance Function

本文运用SBM方向性距离函数和Luenberger生产率指标测度了中国31个省份1995-2008年的农业效率和农业全要素生产率,并对影响农业效率和全要素生产率的因素进行了分析。研究结果发现:东部地区的农业无效率水平显著低于中西部地区,产出无效率、役畜投入无效率和播种面积无效率是中国农业无效率的主要来源;1995-2008年中国农业的全要素生产率增长率为5.58%,主要体现于技术进步和技术规模变化,东部地区的农业全要素生产率最高;农业从业人员教育水平的提高对中国农业效率和全要素生产率的提高起到推动作用,机械化的普及有利于中国农业全要素生产率的增长。

This paper applies SBM directional distance function and Luenberger productivity indicator to measure the provincial agricultural efficiency and TFP in China over the period from 1995 to 2008, and analyzes the influence factors. The major conclusions are as follows： the provinces in the eastern regions experience higher agricultural efficiency than those in centre and western regions, and output deficiency, overuse of livestock as well as unreasonable framework of sowing area are the main sources of agricultural inefficiency. The growth of agricultural TFP in China is 5.58 percent, mainly because of the technology progress and the change of technology scale. The provinces in the eastern regions experience highest agricultural TFP. Enhancing the education of agriculture practitioners can speed up the growth of agricultural efficiency and TFP, the popularization of mechanization can push agricultural TFP ahead.